What is Hakata Tsunaka?
“Hakata Tsunaka” refers to the coastal area along Hakata Bay in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, which flourished from ancient times through the medieval period.
In modern-day terms, Hakata Tsunaka is believed to correspond to the following areas in Hakata Ward, Fukuoka City:
- Around Hakata Station
- Nakasu
- Gofukumachi
- Gion-machi
- Sumiyoshi-machi
- Reisen-machi
- Daimyo
These neighborhoods prospered as a port town and harbor city facing Hakata Bay from ancient to medieval times. Even today, the area retains historical and cultural landmarks such as Kushida Shrine and the Great Buddha of Hakata, as well as harbor facilities like Hakata Port.
Kushida Shrine
Tōchō-ji Temple, home to the Great Buddha of Hakata
Great Buddha of Hakata at Tōchō-ji
There are several theories regarding the exact scope of Hakata Tsunaka. Some claim it refers to the central area of what was known as Tsukushi Ōtsu, while others argue it points to the central part of Hakata Bay.
The Meaning of “Tsunaka”
The word “tsu” means port or harbor, while “naka” means center or central area. Therefore, “Hakata Tsunaka” refers to the central port town located in the middle of Hakata Bay.
In ancient times, Hakata Bay was called “Tsukushi Ōtsu” and thrived as a vital port city in Kyushu. Hakata Tsunaka was situated at the heart of this area, bustling with merchants and economic activity.
During the medieval period, Hakata Tsunaka further developed as the outer port of Dazaifu. Trade with China and the Korean Peninsula flourished, transforming the area into an international city frequented by many foreigners.
However, in the 16th century, Hakata Tsunaka began to decline following Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s campaign to unify Kyushu. Later, during the Edo period, the construction of Fukuoka Castle shifted the city’s center to the castle town, causing Hakata Tsunaka to lose its prominence.
Today, the heart of Hakata Tsunaka has been redeveloped into tourist destinations such as Kushida Shrine and the Great Buddha of Hakata. Hakata Bay is now used for seaside parks and industrial zones.
Hakata Bay
Hakata Tsunaka was a crucial district that supported the prosperity of Hakata from ancient through medieval times. Its rich history and culture continue to influence the modern-day city of Hakata.
Hakata Tsunaka and Hakata Bay
